Located in the center of Hiroshima Prefecture, Toyosaka Cho is the northernmost town in Higashihiroshima City. It is located at a high altitude and has a cool climate. Two thirds of the town is mountains and forests. Fields line the three rivers (the Yoshiwaragawa River, Misasagawa River, and Mukunashigawa River). These rivers have little water, so there are about 500 big and small reservoirs as well.
Route 375 and Route 486 run through the town. The former connects the town with Miyoshi City and Saijo Cho and the latter with Mihara City.