| 元狭山(もとさやま)という名称は明治二十一年以降のもので、それ以前は、二本木村、高根村、駒形富士山村、富士山栗原新田と呼ばれ、それぞれ一村をなしていた。また駒形富士山村は明治の始め頃まで、駒形村、富士山村、坊村に分かれていた。 | The designation, Moto-Sayama (former Sayama), has been used since Meiji 21 (1888), and before then the area had been divided into independent villages referred to as Nihongi Village, Takane Village, Komagata-Fujiyama Village, and Fujiyama-Kurihara Shinden. Also until around the beginning of the Meiji era, Komagata-Fujiyama Village was divided into Komagata Village, Fuji village, and Bo Village. |
| 元狭山地区の特徴は栗原新田及び二本木村、宮寺村の持添新田以外のすべてが旗本知行地であり、しかも、それが、長田、山田、坂部、伊達、大田、大森という六人に細分支配されていたということである。高根村は大森氏、駒形富士山村は大田氏に支配されていたが、二本木村は長田、山田、坂部、伊達の各氏によって極めて小さく区切られて支配されていた。現在の高根村や駒形町内に二本木という字名があるのは、このような入り組んだ旗本支配の跡を物語るものである。(図1参照)また小字名の中に長田林、長田久保、山田、山田台等の名称が見受けられるが、これらも、地頭の姓をそのまま残したものである。元狭山地区の新田は享保期の栗原新田と、それより古い持添えの二本木新田と宮寺新田(現高根新田)がある。 | A feature of Moto-Sayama district is that all the lands (except Kurihara Shinden and Nihongi Village, and also Miyadera Village-associated 'mochizoe' shinden [cultivated by farmers despatched from the parent village]) were the 'Hatamoto chigyochi' (the feudal territories of Hatamoto, the direct retainers of the shogun). Furthermore, the territories were subdivided and ruled by the six Hatamoto members of Nagata, Yamada, Sakabe, Date, Ota and Omori. Takane village was ruled by the Omori clan and Komagata-Fujiyama Village by the Ota clan, but Nihongi village was subdivided into quite small holdings and ruled by the Nagata, Yamada, Sakabe and Date families. That Takane Village as well as Kamagata-machi now have the same aza name of Nihongi tells us much about the historical background of the complicated Hatamoto rule. (See Fig. 1) In addition, there were Ko-aza (small subsection) names which retained the family name of 'jito' (the estate stewards), such as Nagata-bayashi, Nagata-kubo, Yamada, Yamada-dai, etc. In Moto-Sayama district, there were Kurihara Shinden from the Kyoho period (1716-1736), and the two earlier ones, Nihongi Shinden and Miyadera Shinden (the present Takane Shinden), which had been developed as 'mochizoe'. |
図1 元狭山における旗本支配地区画図(瑞穂町史より)
Figure 1. A Map of Moto-Sayama Area Divided into Sections under Various Hatamoto Rulers (from The Book of Mizuho Town's History).